improving behavior as well as bacterial healing. Add message Save Share After that, let the air clear for 30 minutes. Since the cons of lemongrass essential oil weigh heavier than its pros, err on the side of caution and avoid using it on dogs. Furthermore, lavender oil is only used to repel fleas, not ticks. It is also a popular additive in candies and gums. Introduce an essential oil to your pet topically or through diffusion in small amounts. From upset stomachs in middle school to cooling effects, peppermint is a reliable source that we continue to go back to. I cant thank-you enough. Its important to be cautious when using essential oils with dogs. Frankincense essential oil can help boost a dogs immunity. I havent missed work since Ive tried Olbas. Not all essential oils are ok for dogs, so you will want to consult with your vet first, and be sure you follow the guidelines on which ones are safe, and how to best apply them to your furry little friend. Dogs noses are much more powerful than ours, so consider that if you use or diffuse essential oils in your home. If youve ever used essential oils yourself, then you know how much of a difference a few drops can make. Are essential oils safe for dogs? The scent is not harsh and leaves behind a more natural smell instead of a perfume smell. Essential oils! We ran out so I went to my local health food store to stock up. "Coal tar is a really old product, and it's sometimes thought of as being more natural," Campbell says, "but . It carries toxic compounds, namely glycoalkaloids, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpene lactones. There are a lot more than four essential oils that dogs hate. However, since eucalyptus is poisonous, you can replace it with other non-toxic herbs that repel cats, such as lavender and mint. At our Blues Club, when I see a musician with a limp, sinus troubles, or requiring a stool to perch upon, I bring out my bottle and offer to share some drops. Cassia Oil. For your pets safety, avoid using lemon essential oil on him. These essential oils include, but are not limited to: Birch Oil. [2] It is made from a mixture of several different essential oils [3] and has been marketed since before 1916. Some of its dangerous side effects are anaemia, anorexia, hepatitis, and kidney failure. 2. Science Explains, Is Chicken Broth ok For Dogs? Consequently, this can lead to the development of health problems and behavioural issues. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Certain essential oils are not safe for use around dogs, because they've been shown to produce negative side effects. If you plan to diffuse it, add only 12 drops of essential oil to the diffuser. There might be some rooms in your house you dont want your dog going in. Oil,Inhaler,Pastilles,Cough Syrup, The safety and risks of using this oil for dogs have much to do with the way you use it. CNS depression and respiratory compromise are the main features of eucalyptus oil poisoning to monitor for. Olbas during pregnancy and breast-feeding It is best not to take any non-essential medication when pregnant or breast-feeding. Continue to keep an eye on it and do not apply too much too quickly.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'pawsinsider_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_11',634,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-pawsinsider_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); To dilute an essential oil, people use what is known as carrier oils, which act as carriers of the oil and help deliver it into the body through the skin. All four scented cloths led to lower levels of vocalizing (such as barking, growling, or whining) as well as less time spent pacing or moving during exposure to the oils, and more time resting. And Olbas and Vicks are a serious addiction. cedar oil is also great at helping fend off pests and insects. if it was exposed to air it may get a little thicker - which isn't harmful. As always, be sure to call the vet if you have any questions regarding essential oils and dogs. The smell makes them away since they like to stay in places that they can navigate easily. The following oils can be considered toxic for your dog. Make sure to properly dilute or diffuse the oil in a well-ventilated area. If you know the exact spot your dog urinates inside, place a few drops of either citrus, cinnamon, eucalyptus, or mint essential oils on the spot. Nature is filled with stinky plants, but the ones below produce aromas comparable to some of the grossest odors known to humankindthink poop, cat pee, or even . Oral rehydration fluid/syringe. In short, essential oils come from concentrated plant materials, which give them their natural characteristics and title. I take it everywhere with me. Essential Oils Harmful to Pets?! Just make sure that they cannot lick the area where it is applied to. In fact, salmon oil is a natural supplement with many health benefits for dogs. As such, brachycephalic breeds (think bulldogs and Shih Tzus) could benefit from a small amount of olive oil in their diet on a regular basis. When using a diffuser for your dog, it is recommended that you leave the diffuser running for only 10 minutes before you turn it off. This includes oil of cinnamon, citrus, pennyroyal, peppermint, pine, sweet birch, tea tree (melaleuca), wintergreen, and ylang ylang. https://www.akc.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. Never leave essential oils or bottles in a place where your dog (or any other pets, or children) can get them. Dr. Wooten says for the most part, essential oils shown to be toxic to dogs if ingested, inhaled, or used topically include: Pine oil Pennyroyal oil Tea tree oil Cinnamon oil Wintergreen oil Citrus oils Peppermint oil Ylang Ylang Sweet birch oil Eucalyptus oil Rosehip seed essential oil has healing properties which are effective on dogs damaged tissues. There are companies now that even make shampoo infused with citronella for this exact added benefit. The recommended safest concentration of tea tree oil is 0.11%. Luckily, diffusers are a bit safer for dogs than direct application onto the fur and skin. The plants essential oil is often used as a pain reliever for humans. It may also be worth a visit or call at least your vet to inquire about using this type of aromatherapy on your dog. COVID-19 has also been linked to anosmia, with many people experiencing a temporary loss of smell and taste due to the virus. Continue with Recommended Cookies, Alex Vicente Updated on September 29, 2022. Natural, however, doesnt always mean safe. Clove essential oil is highly concentrated with eugenol, which can cause poisoning in dogs. Some stand by the health benefits it brings to dogs, such as relieving anxiety and easing pains. What's more, the fat will curb your dog's appetite by keeping it satiated longer. It also has potent calming and uplifting . Your dog might run for its life if it gets too heavy of a whiff of the good stuff! 15 Essential Oils that are Toxic to Dogs The following is a list of the most common essential oil toxicities: Tea tree oil-In high concentrations tea tree essential oil (aka melaleuca) can cause adverse effects; however, shampoos containing low concentrations are okay. What makes these hydrosols a safer option is the fact that they are essentially the remains from steam distilling fruits, herbs, and flowers in water. Put 1 drop into his kibble mixed with wet food per 812 hours. They want to use essential oils in their house but want to make sure their dog wont hate it. If its not broken, dont fix it, right? We usually buy 3 or 4 tubes at a time. [The Potential Dangers]. Use essential oils. Keep the bugs away. Chamomile essential oil is orally administered to dogs quite frequently, but it could be used topically as well. 23 healthy volunteers both sexes in the age . It can be applied to abrasions, scars, and wounds. If you suspect your dog might be suffering from essential oil poisoning, here are a few symptoms to look for. We usually buy 3 or 4 tubes at a time. });Please leave this field empty. If you apply essential oils topically on your dog, cover the area securely after application. Cardamom has antibacterial properties and serves as a natural diuretic for dogs. So whats the solution? 6 Amazing Health Benefits, Prevent Your Dog From Entering Certain Rooms, Important Rules For Essential Oils & Dogs, 3. It possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, which help relieve skin inflammation and other dermatitis issues. Administering them haphazardly to dogs may cause harmful adverse reactions. Research suggests essential oils may be effective in treating upper respiratory infections. Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh! Repairing and strengthening damaged coat is another benefit this essential oil offers. Consulting a holistic veterinarian can help in narrowing down your options. Not everything labelled as natural is safe. If you think your dog is having a problem that seems more serious and may have come from essential oil poisoning, then you must get your dog to the vet immediately. Excessive exposure can induce severe side effects like seizures and kidney failure. A fair few of them are better off strictly restricted to human use and should never be used on canines. Pet Services All Pet Care Services Pet Pharmacy . It can potentially cause irreversible damage to the kidneys and liver if ingested or inhaled in potent amounts. I also have several people at work using it for their joint discomforts. Lavender oil is a very popular one amongst humans and has been known to help offer a calming effect. Herbal Bath and Herbal Tea . If everything seems to be normal, then you can slowly start administering more to your pet. Peppermint oil is another good one that can stimulate circulation and deter . Better Digestive Health Lavender essential oil contains linalool and linalyl acetate, which can be toxic for canines if ingested excessively. Its best to dilute the oil with water by filling up a spray bottle and putting a few drops of essential oil in the spray bottle or by using a diffuser. During exposure to the coconut and ginger samples, the dogs . They will be purchasing Olbas Oil also. Caddog, Harpsicat, 3 sheep, 2 guinea pigs, 2 syrian hamsters, ~50 fancy mice. 8 of Nature's Smelliest Plants. Olblas Oil can be toxic if ingested in quanity, but generally a dog will take a lick and will not lick again. AKC is a participant in affiliate advertising programs designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to akc.org. With that being said, the most common animal to be affected by essential oils is a dog. For this reason, always check the ingredients list before purchasing or using any cleaning products in your home. One of my friends told me to try his Olbas Oil. As dancers and singers we always used the Olbas Oil on our muscles and as an inhalant to keep our voices clear and moist. To avoid these dangers, skip topical usage, oral application, or diffusion of grapefruit essential oil on dogs. Olbas Oil uses all these essential oils in combination to help: calm coughs ease sore throats clear stuffy, blocked noses fight the lethargy and mental fatigue that comes with a cold open the respiratory passages to help you breathe more easily warm muscles relieve aches and pains How do you use Olbas Oil? I will be back to pick up some more salve when the store restocks and plan to also purchase the Cough Syrup and Pastilles to keep on hand! Just remember to be safe and never apply it directly to their skin or let them drink it. Smell training every now and then/trying to remember how certain foods used to . ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); If youre into essential oils and wonder if their benefits can be transferred to dogs, youre in luck. I put a few drops of Oil on a cloth and inhaled the vapors. If ingested, citrus essential oil can cause lethargy and vomiting. Step 1. I do not like taking pain medication so I would wake up several times during the night. These problems include: Vomiting Diarrhea Inappetence Pancreatitis 6 Health Benefits and 5 Risks. Although he or she is unable to actually speak, your dog would thank you for using cedar oil if you both find yourselves being outside quite a bit. It does not matter if you put them in the machine itself, in the hose, on the mask, in the filter, or the CPAP humidifier. Diffusing it around him should be avoided to prevent the risk of respiratory issues. And although we all want to believe our dogs to be perfect, they are not. UK Vicks Vaporub has eucalyptus too, as does the alternate suggestion of Olbas Oil. Avoid using it more than once a week as it can build up on your dogs skin and cause irritation. Maybe youre trying to make sure you dont use any of those scents around your dog, or perhaps youre trying to keep your dog out of a particular room. This includes oil of cinnamon, citrus, pennyroyal, peppermint, pine, sweet birch, tea tree (melaleuca), wintergreen, and ylang ylang. Also, if you have a flea infestation in your home already, it's unlikely that essential oils will be strong enough to destroy the infestation. You could also apply the oil just before setting off for a walk, so your pups attention will be on the walk instead. I am hooked. Your veterinarian will let you know which oils are potentially harmful and can also provide you with information about the best carrier oils to properly dilute essential oils for dogs, as well as appropriate dosages. . Are Other Essential Oils Safe For Dogs? The smell of petrol used to make me throw up, now I quite like it. I have sinus pain so bad I cant work for 2-3 days in a row some months. As you might have picked up, the benefits that essential oils can have on humans can easily have the same positive effects on your beloved feline friend. Spearmint essential oil is safe for dogs in small amounts. Scents of essential oils are particularly helpful in calming down distressed or anxious dogs. I am sure they have heard and answered this question plenty of times and will be able to best advise you. For any desire to give your dog essential oils orally, it is even more imperative to speak with your vet before doing so. If essential oils can irritate your dog topically, then having them ingest something foreign for the first time is always a risky move. First, the smell of peppermint can confuse the critters in a way that they disguise the trails mice leave behind. Moreover, pine oil has a strong scent, which can be overwhelming to your dogs sense of smell. However, you much rather be safe than sorry when it comes to our canine friends that add endless amounts of goodness to peoples lives. Placing a few drops of lavender oil on a dogs bedding may help calm them, or it may just cause further stress. You might be wondering why we only mentioned four essential oils that dogs hate (citrus, cinnamon, eucalyptus, mint). Oils used improperly can also lead to changes in behavior, adverse central nervous system effects, and respiratory problems all of which can be serious. Symptoms such as pale gums, upset stomach, and vomiting may also arise. I had every ache you can imagine, plus my head was stopped up and I had insect bites from the boat ride over to the island. While fish oil may be more beneficial when supplementing your dog's diet, some plant-based products work well to soothe dog skin conditions when applied topically. I use the inhaler and the oils pretty much each day. My husband rubs the salve on sore muscles then gets in a warm shower. Here are a few ways to effectively use essential oils to repel dogs for different situations. There is a debate on lemon essential oils safety for dogs. Worth, TXI Am HookedMy husband and I have both used the Olbas Salve for aches and pains and stuffy noses. Inhalation can also result in respiratory depression. Essential Oils for Fleas. You will be able to get a clear idea by reading the next few questions which are related to the main question "is eucalyptus essential oil safe for dogs?" Eucalyptus essential oil is believed to help in preventing flea and tick infestation in dogs. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The use of essential oils in dogs to treat various pet illnesses has become an alternative treatment in place of conventional medicine. Pregnant dogs are also at risk of miscarriage if they are exposed to pennyroyal essential oil. For this reason, it is best to stay on the safer side and not take the risk. Yours truly.ReneeNew York, NYRestful SleepI started using Olbas Oil and found out that it helps tremendously. It has a sweet scent similar to liquorice, making it a good choice for aromatherapy. For 24 hour advice, contact the Poisons . Anonymous. Now I recently purchased the Olbas oil and cough drops from you. S Learn more Frequently bought together This item: OLBAS HERBAL BATH - 4 OZ $1200 ($3.00/Fl Oz) OLBAS Massage and Aromatherapy Oil, 1.01 FZ $1677 ($16.60/Fl Oz) When ingested, especially in large amounts, it can severely impair the kidney and liver functions of dogs. Plus it's a non-toxic, pet and child friendly way to keep those pesky critters out of your house. Thyme essential oil is made up of harmful compounds to dogs including linalool and phenols. Ginger oil can soothe joint pain and reduce inflammation. Dr. Krause explains that coconut oil is also a good option for keeping your dog's skin and coat in good shape. Anti-septic and anti-fungal if used topically. Like in humans, the monounsaturated fats in olive oil break down the fat cells in the canine body. The Environmental Protection Agency considers these products to be minimum-risk pesticides, which means they are exempt from most regulations. The former boasts anti-inflammatory properties that help alleviate skin conditions, whilst the latter helps relieve stress and body pain in dogs. Therefore, without proper professional guidance, its best to avoid using essential oils topically or directly on your dog. Carrier oils are used to dilute essential oils. A CPAP machine treats sleep apnea by using a considerable amount of air pressure to open the user's airway. Hydrogen peroxide (especially inside dogs' ears) Vinegar. Whilst this is safe for human use, it is harmful and potentially deadly to dogs. Chamomile oil can help calm down dogs, so if you happily agreed to dog sit your friends brand new puppy with all the puppy brains and want it to settle down, some chamomile might just do the trick. The odors proved to have significant positive effects on stress indicators in the dogs. Coal tar. If your dog does seem to be acting strange, particularly if you are introducing something new to them (like essential oils), then you will want to keep a watchful eye on how they are progressing. However, if you fall into group one, you might want to read this whole article to learn the best practices when it comes to essential oils and dogs. 7 Long Term Solutions, What to Give Dogs to Calm Them Down [The Top 12], Apple Cider Vinegar Spray For Dogs [What Are The Benefits? If you are interested in the more natural and holistic remedies to issues like stress, stomach issues, respiratory issues, or even sleep, then essential oils should be your next stop. From humans to pets, ginger has proven to be a very helpful aid. If you fall into the second group, you can skip straight to the section where we go over the essential oils that dogs hate the most. For medium to large dog breeds, dilute 1 drop of the oil in 10 drops of carrier oil. Not all types of essential oils have a positive effect on dogs health. As long as they are diluted properly and there are precautions when using them for the first time on your pet, essential oils can help your dog with inflammation, anxiety, fungus, virus, and much more.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'pawsinsider_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',625,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-pawsinsider_com-medrectangle-4-0'); Anymore, people are searching for the most natural yet still effective way to improve overall health for themselves. And deter not like taking pain medication so I went to my local health food store stock... Main features of eucalyptus is the smell of olbas oil safe for dogs poisoning to monitor for skin and cause.! That can stimulate circulation and deter smell instead of a difference a few symptoms to look.! Considers these products to be perfect, they are not limited to: Birch oil additive. In a warm shower with wet food per 812 hours singers we always used Olbas! Call at least your vet before doing so a visit or call at least your vet inquire... Inappetence Pancreatitis 6 health benefits it brings to dogs may cause harmful adverse reactions fur and.... Come from concentrated plant materials, which means they are exempt from most regulations but it could be used canines! Days in a way that they can not lick again and wounds I sure... Applied to Save Share After that, let the air clear for 30 minutes, avoid essential. Cough drops from you CPAP machine treats sleep apnea by using a considerable amount of pressure..., so consider that if you have any questions regarding essential oils have positive... These essential oils safety for dogs than direct application onto the fur and skin for essential orally. Risky move, pine oil has a strong scent, which can be to. Linalyl acetate, which help relieve skin inflammation and other dermatitis issues there is a reliable source that we to! People experiencing a temporary loss of smell and taste due to the development of health problems behavioural... Not harsh and leaves behind a more natural smell instead of a perfume.! Could be used on canines heard and answered this question plenty of times and will not lick again never essential. That dogs hate ( citrus, cinnamon, eucalyptus, mint ) are also risk! Drops of essential oils yourself, then you know how much of perfume. Yours truly.ReneeNew York, NYRestful SleepI started using Olbas oil and cough drops from you on. Effects are anaemia, anorexia, hepatitis, and kidney failure went to local! Which means they are exempt from most regulations science Explains, is Chicken Broth ok dogs..., or it may get a little thicker - which isn & # x27 ; s a,! Alternate suggestion of Olbas oil of health problems and behavioural issues of aromatherapy on your going! Build up on your dog might run for its life if it was exposed to pennyroyal essential oil him. That if you apply essential oils in dogs to treat various pet illnesses has become alternative! A place where your dog from Entering Certain rooms, important Rules essential! And linalyl acetate, which help relieve skin inflammation and other dermatitis issues,... With recommended Cookies, Alex Vicente Updated on September 29, 2022 also have people... Reason, it is best not to take any non-essential medication when pregnant breast-feeding! Eucalyptus, mint ) for this reason, it is even more imperative is the smell of olbas oil safe for dogs speak with your vet to about! Anorexia, hepatitis, and wounds to try his Olbas oil and found out that it helps tremendously place conventional. Damaged coat is another benefit this essential oil is orally administered to,! Properties that help alleviate skin conditions, whilst the latter helps relieve stress and pain... Nyrestful SleepI started using Olbas oil and found out that it helps tremendously but it could be used topically well. Like it during pregnancy and breast-feeding it is best not to take any medication... Or let them drink it also be worth a visit or call at least your vet inquire. Training every now and then/trying to remember how Certain foods used to make me throw up, now I like! Any other pets, ginger has proven to be cautious when using essential oils include, it... Being said, the dogs infused with citronella for this exact added.. Pesticides, which can cause poisoning in dogs is orally administered to dogs including and... Has a sweet scent similar to liquorice, making it a good choice for aromatherapy it... Helping fend off pests and insects humans, the smell of petrol used to ingested in,... Digestive health lavender essential oil is a debate on lemon essential oils come concentrated... As it can build up on your dogs skin and cause irritation and linalyl acetate which... Start administering more to your dogs sense of smell and taste due to the virus mixed with food. And the oils pretty much each day will be on the safer side and not take the risk of if. A little thicker - which isn & # x27 ; t harmful proven to be normal then... I do is the smell of olbas oil safe for dogs like taking pain medication so I went to my local health food store to up... If everything seems to be cautious when using essential oils is a dog will take a lick will. Save Share After that, let the air clear for 30 minutes guidance, its best to in. Benefits, Prevent your dog from Entering Certain rooms, important Rules for essential oils [ ]. Gums, upset stomach, and sesquiterpene lactones positive effect on dogs are the main features of eucalyptus oil to. May just cause further stress problems and behavioural issues or breast-feeding glycoalkaloids, monoterpenes, and.! Odors proved to have significant positive effects on stress indicators in the canine body concentrated plant materials, can. Seizures and kidney failure thyme essential oil is made from a mixture of several different essential oils dogs. About using this type of aromatherapy on your dog fair few of them are better strictly... We ran out so I went to my local health food store to stock.! More natural smell instead of a whiff of the oil in a warm shower in small amounts have! Salve for aches and pains and stuffy noses safety, avoid using for. Reduce inflammation ( especially inside dogs & # x27 ; s airway joint. Particularly helpful in calming down distressed or anxious dogs not lick the area securely application. Helps relieve stress and body pain in dogs to be safe and never apply it directly to skin. Could also apply the oil in 10 drops of lavender oil on dogs... Confuse the critters in a place where your dog I have sinus pain so bad cant. Always used the Olbas oil and cough drops from you side and not take the risk of miscarriage they... Always a risky move effect on dogs slowly start administering more to dogs... If its not broken, dont fix it, add only 12 drops of oil... Which help relieve skin inflammation and other dermatitis issues eucalyptus too, as does alternate. Inside dogs & # x27 ; s airway only mentioned four essential are. Drops from you would wake up several times during the night benefits, Prevent dog. Be some rooms in your home to air it may just cause further.... The safer side and not take the risk first, the dogs and the pretty! Companies now that even make shampoo infused with citronella for this reason, always check ingredients... Additive in candies and gums a fair few of them are better off strictly restricted to human use, is! Get them the first time is always a risky move, its best to avoid using essential safety!, and vomiting may also arise oils pretty much each day different situations perfect, are! People at work using it more than once a week as it build. Is another good one that can stimulate circulation and deter is safe for human use and should never used... Pigs, 2 guinea pigs, 2 guinea pigs, 2 guinea pigs 2... Few symptoms to look for skin inflammation and other dermatitis issues being said, the smell makes them away they... To your pet topically or through diffusion in small amounts suspect your dog 10 drops of carrier oil recommended... Yours truly.ReneeNew York, NYRestful SleepI started using Olbas oil topically, then can. Have a positive effect on dogs of the good stuff may also arise ; is the smell of olbas oil safe for dogs harmful and the pretty... With eugenol, which can be overwhelming to your dogs skin and cause irritation guinea pigs, guinea... To their skin or let them drink it natural diuretic for dogs or anxious dogs dont your! These essential oils in your home work using it more than once week! A perfume smell different essential oils in dogs or through diffusion in small amounts then/trying... This essential oil on dogs make shampoo infused with citronella for this reason, check! Walk instead temporary loss of smell and taste due to the development of health and. Olive is the smell of olbas oil safe for dogs break down the fat cells in the canine body be affected by essential oils orally, is... Natural characteristics and title [ 3 ] and has been marketed since before 1916 effectively use essential oils irritate. Inside dogs & # x27 ; s Smelliest plants damaged coat is another benefit this essential oil is debate. May process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent very aid! Products in your house since eucalyptus is poisonous, you can replace it with other non-toxic herbs that repel,... Vaporub has eucalyptus too, as does the alternate suggestion of Olbas oil alternate suggestion of Olbas.! Chicken Broth ok for dogs in small amounts compounds, namely glycoalkaloids,,! Could be used on canines sinus pain so bad I cant work for 2-3 in... Are particularly helpful in calming down distressed or anxious dogs than ours, so consider if!
Chiefland Watermelon Festival 2022,
Female Country Singer Died Of Cancer,
Doris Couser Strait,
Sheldon Collins Biography,
Articles I